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41.
Matthew C. Altman 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,74(3):253-266
Kant is gaining popularity in business ethics because the categorical imperative rules out actions such as deceptive advertising
and exploitative working conditions, both of which treat people merely as means to an end. However, those who apply Kant in
this way often hold businesses themselves morally accountable, and this conception of collective responsibility contradicts
the kind of moral agency that underlies Kant’s ethics. A business has neither inclinations nor the capacity to reason, so
it lacks the conditions necessary for constraint by the moral law. Instead, corporate policies ought to be understood as analogous
to legal constraints. They may encourage or discourage certain actions, but they cannot determine a person’s maxim – which
for Kant is the focus of moral judgment. Because there is no collective intention apart from any intentions of the individual
agents who act as members of the corporation, an organization itself has no moral obligations. This poses a dilemma: either
apply the categorical imperative to the actions of particular businesspeople and surrender the notion of collective responsibility,
or apply a different moral theory to the actions of businesses themselves. Given the diffusion of responsibility in a bureaucracy,
the explanatory usefulness of collective responsibility may force business ethicists to abandon Kant’s moral philosophy. 相似文献
42.
The practical application of decision support systems in marketing is still in its infancy, even though academic research
has been recommending the use of such systems for years. This is largely due to the lack of a single, generally applicable
decision support system. The specific requirements and problems of management are too dissimilar to make the development of
one universal decision support system feasible. However, improved PC performance, enhanced market survey methods such as conjoint
measurement, and further developed programming tools permit the varying requirements to be fairly flexibly met. The following
article describes state-of-the-art know-how regarding the practical utilization of such systems, and addresses the preconditions
for employing them. We have included many examples gathered from our own experience with numerous applications. 相似文献
43.
Apparel purchases now constitute one of the fastest‐growing segments of e‐commerce. Thus, there are strong theoretical and managerial reasons to better understand consumer characteristics associated with buying apparel online. This paper investigates motivations for online apparel consumption using the Consumer Styles Inventory. Data from a sample of 357 US college students showed that quality consciousness, brand consciousness, fashion consciousness, hedonistic shopping, impulsiveness and brand loyalty were positively correlated with online apparel shopping. Price sensitivity was negatively correlated with online spending. 相似文献
44.
Guy?CamilleriEmail author Jean?Luc?Soubie Pascale?Zaraté 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2005,14(2):159-171
This paper proposes to give a toll to help decision makers in critical situations. The principle of our research is based on a modelling approach for Cooperative Knowledge Based Systems. This approach is based on a Task/Method paradigm that we describe. We then propose to take into account collateral effects of tasks in order to support decision makers in a critical context. The proposed tool can then generate a degraded solution for which, collateral effects of previous tasks have been taken as new goals to reach. This study is possible thanks to the definition of several kinds of models: a Good Functioning Model and a Degraded Tasks Library. 相似文献
45.
Following an extensive review of the moral intensity literature, this article reports the findings of two studies (one between-subjects,
the other within-subject) that examined the effect of manipulated and perceived moral intensity on ethical judgment. In the
between-subjects study participants judged actions taken in manipulated high moral intensity scenarios to be more unethical
than the same actions taken in manipulated low moral intensity scenarios. Findings were mixed for the effect of perceived
moral intensity. Both probable magnitude of consequences (a factor consisting of magnitude of consequences, probability of
effect, and temporal immediacy) and social consensus had a significant effect; proximity did not. In the within-subject study
manipulated moral intensity had a significant effect on ethical judgment, but perceived moral intensity did not. Regression
of ethical judgment on age, gender, major, and the three perceived moral intensity factors was significant between-subjects,
but not within-subject. Ethical judgment was found to be a more robust predictor of intention than perceived moral intensity
using a within-subject design.
Joan M. McMahon is an Assistant Professor of Management in the Luter School of Business at Christopher Newport University,
teaching courses in Organizational Behavior, Leadership, and Human Resources. She has a B.A. in Speech from the State University
of New York, College at Oneonta; an M. Ed. in Early Childhood Education from James Madison University; and an M.S. and Ph.D.
in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Robert J. Harvey is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. He has a
B.A. in Psychology and an M.A. in Experimental Psychology from the University of Missouri at Kansas City, and a Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational
Psychology from Ohio State University. Dr. Harvey has authored a number of articles in the Journal of Applied Psychology, the Journal of Personality Assessment, Personnel Psychology, and others. He is the author of the chapter on job analysis in the Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 相似文献
46.
Olivier Barreteau Patrice Garin Alexandre Dumontier Geraldine Abrami Flavie Cernesson 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2003,12(5):441-461
The purpose of the 1992 French Water Act is to encourage negotiation and dialogue among local stakeholders within a framework which is very similar to a patrimonial approach. Potential use of models in such post-normal approaches is analyzed. Two kinds of models are compared: one is agent-based, the other follows a more classical approach. They are compared according to their contributions as negotiation support tools. This comparison is based on a specific collective decision process dealing with water allocation at the sub-basin scale, in which authors are involved. Both are used to support collective decision processes through simulation of resource use dynamics. Agent-Based Models entail the broadening of spatial information of actors in the process, revealing inter-connected topics not taken into consideration earlier. This makes it possible to remain relevant, despite the sometimes rapidly evolving stakes. The central point of this paper is the implementation, within a practical application, of theories advocating the use of ABM as a collective decision support system. This application promotes a better understanding of the kind of support ABM provides and the way it does so. This is brought about more by re-framing the discussion and modifying the representation of the system on the part of the stakeholders than by providing specific agreements. 相似文献
47.
Anette Pettersson Ulf Olsson Christina Fjellstrm 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2004,28(4):317-328
Today the family is seen as a unit for food choice and consumption. The influence of family members on food choice comprises several stages that can be carried out both in the private home and in the public sphere, such as the grocery store. This makes the grocery store a context in which ordinary family life can be observed. The aim was to study families and the interaction between children and adults in the grocery store, focusing on young people's involvement in food shopping. Hidden observation and family interview methods were used. A total of 338 people were observed in seven different grocery stores in Stockholm during the summer and autumn of 2003. Seven family interviews, involving a total of 29 persons, were conducted in Uppsala in the spring of 2003. In the interviews, parents reported avoiding shopping for food together with children as they experienced it as stressful and exhausting. The observations showed that family life in the grocery store comprises not only the food purchase, but also bringing up children and consumer education. Young people's involvement in the food purchase varied depending on their age and the specific product. The different behaviour observed may be interpreted as reflecting the variation in ways of bringing up children at home. Another conclusion is that a public place such the grocery store facilitates pedagogical situations and can work as a tool for informal education. 相似文献
48.
电子商务环境下的物流配送中心选址涉及到多方面的因素,是一项复杂的系统工程。为此,提出了定量化的启发式算法来初步确定电子商务环境下配送中心选址方案。方案的确定是为了决策,因此依据定量计算和定性分析的结果,采用协调分析方法来科学地决策符合电子商务环境下的最优选址方案。 相似文献
49.
中国转轨经济中的银行资产选择行为分析——一个将制度性因素内生化的银行资产选择模型 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文立足于中国转轨经济中的信贷市场,强调制度性因素对银行贷款决策和资产选择行为的影响,通过建立一个银行资产选择模型,将这些制度性因素的影响内生化,利用广义的边际分析,分析了在不确定性条件下,中国商业银行贷款变动的原因以及由此导致的结构性信贷配给机制,并且指出,在中国以银行间接金融为主导的金融市场上,银行决策者在不确定性条件下根据自身的偏好和效用函数而作出的相对独立的贷款决策和资产选择行为,不仅可能导致货币政策失效,还可能对经济运行和经济增长的质量产生独立的影响. 相似文献
50.
东西部地区利用外资方式的实证分析与比较 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
西部地区吸收外商直接投资占全国的比例长期以来一直处于很低的水平。东西部地区吸收外商直接投资存在巨大反差。文章从东西部地区利用外资方式的实证分析入手,对东西部地区利用外资方式的变化进行对比分析;运用外商对华直接投资方式的决策模型剖析和判断西部地区区位变量的滞后状态;并据此针对西部地区利用外资提出部分观点与建议。 相似文献